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How railcars are cleaned depends on a few factors, including what kind of railcar it is and the type of goods transported in the railcar. However, all cleanings include inspections.

Earth MRI is a partnership between the USGS and state geological surveys across America to modernize our understanding of the Nation’s fundamental geologic framework and knowledge of mineral resources. 

The primary PFAS detected were disubstituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (diPAPs) -- compounds that can convert to more stable PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid, which is potentially carcinogenic. 

After months of litigation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has yet to produce any documents revealing the scientific basis for the “working definition” the agency currently uses for regulatory purposes.

The ingredients of CCA are the heavy metals copper, chromium and arsenic. They don’t decompose and can’t be destroyed like organic compounds by incineration.

Vinyl chloride – the chemical in several of the train cars that derailed and burned in East Palestine, Ohio, in February 2023 – can wreak havoc on the human liver.

Deleting a site from the NPL happens when cleanup of the contamination is complete and allows residents to move forward in reusing and redeveloping the land.

Limited studies have shown that fetal development and cognitive and mental capacity of young children may be altered by PFAS chemicals.

Canada is now proposing a limit of 30 ppt for any detectable per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance, or PFAS, in drinking water sources.

As of February 10, 2023, all known illegal mines on Sangihe Island are no longer operating. However, they leave behind contaminated worksites and no remediation resources.